Paint composition



Patented on, a, lean warren stares WILLIAM N. BLAKEMAN, JR, 0F MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK.

rnrn'r comrosirron.

No Drawing.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, VVILLIAM N. BLAKE- MAN, Jr., a citizen of the United States, and

resident of the city of Mount Vernon, in

tion with animal and vegetable drying and non-drying fatty oils.

The invention relates particularly to the petroleum or mineral oils obtained chiefly from oil fields in the Appalachian territory, including Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Tndiana, West Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee, and from other domestic and foreign oil fields. The oils in this class, or group, of which the Pennsylvania oils are regarded as the type, are known commercially as 'parafline base oils, and are regarded chemically as being largely composed of saturated hydrocarbons of the paraffine series. They are soluble in, and miscible with, the various drying, semi-drying, and non-drying fatty oils, but they do not unite chemically with such oils, as when if hydrogenated and oxidized, they willunite' so mixed and then spread on a plain surface, they flow out from such combinations or evaporate, or wash away. This is owing to their indifference to the action of oxygen, all attempts to oxidize them, except at temperatures approaching decomposition or combustion, having failed. I

As set forth in my application No. 461,963 filed herewith, T have discovered L that these mineral oils of the Pennsylvania type,

may be hydrogenated, and that when so hydrogenated they become susceptible to oxidation. And T have further discovered that when so hydrogenated, and particularly andform stable and permanent compounds with the animal and vegetable drying, semidrying and non-drying fatty oils, so that drying-oil-vehicles of any gravity or char:

Application filed April 16, 1921. Serial N0. 461,962..

yania oil, as used inthis specification and in the claims, I intend to include the crude oil, and also its fractions, distillates and residuals. 1

lln demonstration, I select, as being well adapted for use, the distillatenow known commercially as. heavy paraffine oil, of .915 sp. gr, and subject it to the action of hydrogen in the presence of catalysts, with heat, until it assumes the color of light vinegar, continuing the operation, if desired, to. a light cherry red. This hydrogenated oil may then be mixed with any of the animal or vegetable drying, semi-drying, or nondrying fatty oils, and will unite therewith,

.the reaction being accelerated by exposure to light, or a gentle heat, or both, and the compound or mixture so formed will, if

spread in a thin film on a plain surface, dry and indurate satisfactorily. Thus, a mixture of cottonseed oil and 20% heavy parafline oil, hydrogenated, when allowed to blend for 8-10 hours at a gentle heat or in broad sunlight, and spread on a plain surface, will retain its homogeneity, will not break or flow out, and will firm to the touch in 24 hours, with a progressive induration under favorable climatic conditions; whereas, a mixture of an untreated paraffine oil and a fatty oil will fail to show any such result.

After the mineral oil has been hydrogenated, it may be oxidized, if desired, and T have found that such oxidation will greatly accelerate its activity; The oxidation may be effected by heating on oxidizers, a run on the higher oxides of manganese, at a temperature of 185 to 194 l ahn, for one or two hours, being sufficient; and the addition of 2% or 3% of an oxygen-carrier, such as turpentine spirits, will be of marked benefit. If 10% of this mineral oil, hydrogenated and oxidized, be mixed with cottonseed oil, and the mixture, after-blending, be spread on a plain surface, it will firm to the touch in 9 hours, and subsequently indurate satisfactorily.

The mineral oil, hydrogenated, or hydrogenated and oxidized, as above described,

may be combined with all the drying, semi- 1 linseed, tung, cottonseed, soja bean, sunsomepeculiar influence in the presence of.

effective.

The fatty oils which fall within the economical scope of my invention and the painting art, at present, are, of the vegetable oils,

flower seed, cocoanut, palm-kernel, corn, and the like; and, of the marine animal oils, menhaden, fish, seal, whale, porpoise, shark, and the like. These oils may be used, either singly or combined, and, when forming a paint-vehicle with the mineral oil, are preferably used in excess of the latter.

In forming mixtures between the treated mineral oil, and fatty oils, particularly with non-drying fatty oils, I prefer to include a percentage of tung oil, as l have found that its use improves the quality of the mixture .and accelerates the firming and induration of the film. The tung oil apparently exerts the mineral oil, as is shown by the fact that if 15% of tung oil be incorporated with a heayy paraffine oil, hydrogenated, and the mixture after blending, without the addition of any other oil, be spread on a plain surface, it. will firm to the touch int or 5 hours, and progress-to complete induration under favorable conditions, the usual commercial liquid drier hastening the result.

The paint-vehicleswhich may be formed as a result of my invention, are of universal application, but are especially adapted for use with those, anhydrous and inert sub,

stances, which, in the present hydrated system of painting, are now used mostly as adulterants or fillers, but which with my new vehicles may be employed as sole bodygiving agents, relying upon a moderate percentage of the more expensive metallic oxides and salts for complete opacitysin the film. All these substances can be ground in, In new vehicles, withgreat facility, to

a 'sm 0th, impalpable and emulsive condition; will 'spread on plain surfaces with, beautiful homogeneity and uniformity; will firm to the touch, with a celerity unknown in the painting art; and will indurate to a satisfactory and permanent film. The pigmentsproduced by furnace sublimation of zinc; oxide'and lead sulphate, now on the I x market under the name of zinc-lead or leaded zinc, carrying from 5% to 35% lead sulphate, are pre-eminently adapted for use with these vehicles, forming white films, which effectually resist degrading and discoloring weathering effects. Most rem-arkable combinations may be made also with natural barium sulphate, known commer-w cially'as barytes(the, ground rock) which for tinted films, in structural painting, will be found preferable to all other combinations in economy and permanency.

Thus, for example, if a vehicle be formed with 75 parts cottonseed oil, 10 parts heavy parafii-ne oil, hydrogenated and oxidized, and 15 parts tung oil; or parts cottonseed oil, 25 parts heavy parafiine oil hydrogenated and oxidized, and 15 parts of tung oil, when from 5 to 7 parts of either of these vehicles are properly ground with 10 parts zinc lead (composed of about per cent zinc oxide and 35 per cent lead sulphate) with the usual quantity of commercial turpentine japan drier added, the composition will spread and follow the brush in a smooth and uniform filmy firm to the touch in from 14;

to 2 hours, according to climatic conditions,

and indurate into a permanent covering.-

From 5 to 7 parts of such vehicles, properly ground with 15 parts of barytes and 8 parts of zinc-lead of the above composition, and

the usual drier, will form a'structural cover-' ing most economical in manufacture and most resistant to the elements. Not only barytes, but. its various manufactured compounds, such as .lithopone and the proprietary whites, oan be used as sole body= giving agents, grinding with great facility,

even from a granular form, into an impalpa-' Me and emulsive condition, showing, when spread as a film, a diffused opalescence in either transmitted, or reflected light, the opacity being easily increased by a small percentage of the more expensive metallic oxides and salts. I a A While my new oil-vehicles, carrying in exfoo cess non-drying and seml-drying fatty oils,

are particularly adapted for use with anhydrous pi ents, and, owing to the low cost of materia will form more economical compositions when so used, they may be used also fofhydrated (pigments such as Dutch white lead, particularly where the white lead indurate to asatisfactory film.

Although cocoanutand palm-kernel oils are fluid at summer heats, and chillto butters at somewhat lower temperatures, yet when from 10% to 20% of cocoanut oil is s c Q I used in these new composltions, lt wlll not cloud, flock, or chill out, but. will remain in clear solution in the vehicleat temperatures very much below its congealing point; and

the presence of this oil or butter in the composition, especially in contact with tung oil, w1ll be I found to improve the spreading power of anhydrous pigments, and the resistance of the film to atmospheric and abrasive influences, Without showing a greasy tions, to give an additional resistant effec the film. f Any suitable commercial liquid drier may ,be employed.

Light, heat, pressure, agitation, and electrical energy may he used whenever deemed advisable; Y

The oil-vehicle herein described, is claimed in my application above referred to.

I claim:

1. A paint-composition comprising a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated, and a pigment.

2. A paint-composition comprising a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated and oxidized, and a pigment.

3. A paint-composition comprising a fatty oil; a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated; and a pigment.

Having thus fully described my invention,

4. A paint-composition comprising a fatty oil; 'a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated and oxidized; and'a pigment.

5. A paint-composition comprising tung oil; a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated;.and a pigment.

6. A paint-composition comprising tung oil; a mineral oil ofthe Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated and oxidized; and a pigment.

7. A paint-composition comprising tung oil; another fatty oil; a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated; and a pigment.

8. A paint-composition comprising tung oil, another fatty oil; a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated and oxidized; and a pigment. Y

9. A paint-composition comprisin tung oil, a non-drying fatty oil; a mineral oilof the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated;'and a pigment.

10. A paint-composition comprising tung oil a non-drying fatty oil; a mineral oil of the Pennsylvania type, hydrogenated and oxidized; and a pigment.

WM. N. BLAKEMAN, JR. 

